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Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea is a disease that must be treated. Although CPAP is considered the gold standard treatment, you still have other therapy options to treat your sleep apnea if you cannot accept or adhere to CPAP.


2-4 times higher risk of AFib in people with sleep apnea
2 times higher risk of stroke in people with severe, untreated sleep apnea

*So, if you are experiencing symptoms of sleep apnea and have tried but failed to adapt or accept CPAP treatment, you may consider trying other solutions to restore yourself to healthy sleep. Among them, oral appliance, or positional therapy, are also very worthy of consideration. If your sleep apnea is caused by a serious structural problem, you may need sleep apnea surgery.

2 times higher risk of dying from heart diseases for severe, untreated sleep apnea

About Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a kind of sleep breathing disorders. If you don’t get proper treatment for a long time, the organs will increase the risk of failure due to not getting enough oxygen every night. It will also increase the risk of having fatal chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and stroke. Therefore, sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that must be treated as soon as possible.

Patients with sleep apnea would repeatedly stop breathing during their sleep, the duration of each apnea can be as long as one minute, and the numbers of apnea can be as many as hundred times throughout the night! If you observe the sleep of a patient with sleep apnea, you will find that the patient making gasping, and the brain would also be awakened due to lack of oxygen. Until the patient's breathing returns to normal, he/she needs to slowly re-enter deep sleep from the light sleep that was almost awakened. When this happens every hour during sleep, it will seriously affect your health. This is because the deep sleep that helps the body repair is constantly being destroyed, and often return to light sleep shortly after entering deep sleep because of apnea, which cause the patient to have some symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty in concentration and poor memory.

According to the guideline of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), apnea during sleep that lasts for 10 seconds or more is regarded as one apnea, and 5 or more apneas per hour are defined as sleep apnea. The severity of sleep apnea is based on the number of apnea hypopnea index (AHI). 5-10 times per hour is “mild”, 15-30 times per hour is “moderate”, and 30 times or above per hour is “severe”.

Types of Sleep Apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Up to 90% of patients with sleep apnea are obstructive sleep apnea. The cause of obstructive sleep apnea is that when the patient is sleeping, the muscles and soft tissues around the throat relax and collapse and block the airway, which narrows the airway and causes apnea.

Central Sleep Apnea
Different from obstructive sleep apnea, the airway of patients with central sleep apnea have not be blocked. Their apnea issue is caused by the damage of the brain due to the problems of stroke or head trauma, which causes the brain and the muscles that control breathing fail to function normally, and the brain is unable to give breathing instructions to the body, resulting in shortness of breath and/or apnea.

Mixed Sleep Apnea
As the name suggests, when a patient has both obstructive and central sleep apnea, it is called mixed sleep apnea.

Is Sleep Apnea
Common in Hong Kong?
According to the data from the Hong Kong Government, there are more than 200,000 people in Hong Kong suffering from sleep apnea. Among them, middle-aged men are more common, and people with obesity are also at high risk. In addition, a study conducted jointly by Australia and Hong Kong found that Asians are generally at higher risk of suffering from sleep apnea than whites, which is related to the facial bone structure of Asians. Even though the BMI of the patients participating in the study is similar, because the jawbone of Asian patients is relatively short, the symptoms of sleep apnea are more severe than whites.
Symptoms of Sleep Apnea
People with sleep apnea usually have some of the following symptoms.

During Sleep:

Loud and intermittent snoring.

Difficult to breathe, even necessary to use mouth to breathe.

Episodes of stop breathing have been observed by family.

Frequent need to wake up to urinate (Nocturia).

After Waking Up:

Dry mouth or headache.

Often feel tired, even have excessive sleepiness.

Often fall asleep unconsciously.

Slow reaction and find it hard to concentrate.

Irritability and have mood swings.

Cognitive decline.


Risk Factors of Sleep Apnea



Elderly
(50 years old or above)
Obesity or
Large Neck Circumference
Short
Chin or Jaw

Enlarged Tonsils

Suffer from
High Blood Pressure
How Sleep Apnea
Affects Your Health?

When suffering from sleep apnea, the “cumulative effect” will occur. If the patient does not receive proper treatment for a long time, the risk of suffering from other serious and fetal diseases will increase, and even worsen the original health problems.

30-40%
Hypertension
Patients have
Obstructive Sleep Apnea

85%
Resistant
Hypertension
Patients have Sleep Apnea

7 out of 10 patients with
Type 2 Diabetes
have Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2X higher risk of
Stroke

2X higher risk of dying from
Heart Diseases

2-4X higher risk of
Atrial Fibrillation
Did You Know
Since one of the symptoms of Sleep Apnea is excessive daytime sleepiness, studies have found:


2.5 times
as likely to be
the driver in a
Motor Vehicle
Accident
When CPAP
Treatment
was used, the risk
was reduced by
70%
Causes of Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is caused by abnormalities in the upper airway such as the nose and throat, or the muscles or soft tissues that support the upper airway become loose, causing them to collapse under the influence of gravity when lying down, blocking the airway and causing brief pauses in breathing. If you are detail-oriented, you will understand why people with sleep apnea almost all have serious snoring problems. It is because the obstructed airway is also one of the causes of snoring. When the inhaled air hits the collapsed throat muscles or soft tissues and vibrates, snoring will occur. Therefore, the more severe the obstruction of the airway, the greater the volume of snoring, and the more severe of apnea. This also explains why snoring is one of the symptoms of sleep apnea.

Normal Breathing
Air can smoothly pass through the airway into the lungs.

Normal People Sleeping
Just like normal breathing, the inhaled air will pass through the turbinates, uvula, and tongue. Even though the muscles will relax during sleep and be affected by gravity, there is still enough space for the inhaled air enter the lungs through the airway.

Sleep Apnea Patients Sleeping
Due to the relaxation of the soft tissues and muscles in the airway and the influence of gravity, the inhaled air cannot pass through smoothly. At least one part of the upper airway is blocked (the green dot), causing apnea and/or hypopnea.
How to Diagnose Sleep Apnea?
Doctors will generally evaluate your sleep through interview, and may ask you to complete two self-assessments: STOP BANG and ESS. The questions in the assessments are all designed for the symptoms of sleep apnea, which is helpful for the doctor’s initial evaluation about your risk of sleep apnea. If the initial evaluation is medium to high risk, the doctor will generally recommend you to take a sleep test, which will keep measuring and recording your sleep throughout the night. You can get objective data, including: Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), the duration of each apnea, blood oxygen level, heart rate, etc., in order to know whether you are suffering from sleep apnea, and to provide you with suitable treatment.

Sleep Apnea Treatment Options
At present, there is no treatment that can completely cure sleep apnea, the situation is the same as the treatment of myopia. Patients with myopia must wear glasses, while patients with sleep apnea must wear CPAP or oral appliance. In addition, even if you choose the surgical treatment, it is not once and for all, the soft tissues in the airway will still have a chance to regenerate or/and relax again in the future, causing relapse of sleep apnea.
Then, everyone may have the same question, if I undergo surgery for sleep apnea, will it be completely cured? The answer is the same as vision correction surgery. Even after vision correction surgery, when the corneal aberration changes again after the surgery, you may relapse into problems such as myopia, astigmatism, or hyperopia; therefore, even if you choose sleep apnea surgery, It is not a once and for all solution. It may still recur in the future due to the relaxation or proliferation of the tissues in the respiratory tract, reappearing the same causes of sleep apnea before the surgery.

No matter which sleep apnea treatment option you end up choosing, remember that this is a sleep disorder that must be treated. Receiving treatment is definitely better than having no treatment at all. Even if the solution you choose can only achieve a mild improvement in sleep apnea, it is still better than receiving no treatment at all. Sleep apnea treatment has huge benefits for your health and daily life with no harm. Moreover, medicine continues to advance with the times. There are now many effective sleep apnea improvement options, which are no longer limited to CPAP or sleep apnea surgery. Therefore, do not give up treatment easily just because one of the sleep apnea improvement options you have tried is not suit you well. If the symptoms of sleep apnea are not detected early and have not received any treatment or preformed any sleep apnea surgery, the risk of high blood pressure, fatal cardiovascular and chronic diseases will increase in the long run, so it should never be taken lightly.
(A) CPAP Therapy

CPAP is the gold standard treatment suitable for patients with mild to severe sleep apnea. It can effectively treat the problem of airway obstruction. For some patients, it can significantly improve the symptoms of sleep apnea, such as frequent nocturia and daytime sleepiness. The principle is based on the root cause of sleep apnea, using air pressure to open the obstructed airway, so that the patient’s breathing can be restored, so as to achieve the goal of improving the symptoms of sleep apnea.
(B) Oral Appliance Therapy

In general, oral appliance therapy is only suitable for patients with mild sleep apnea. For patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea, the therapeutic effect is usually not significant. In terms of use, the oral appliance therapy is relatively simple and convenient. You only need to correctly place the mouthpiece on the upper and lower teeth, which will pull the lower jaw slightly and effectively maintain the airway open, in order to improve the symptoms of sleep apnea.
(C) Positional Therapy

Due to gravity, the tongue, uvula and soft palate will slide back to the back of the throat when we sleeping on our backs, the airway may be blocked and increasing the chance of apnea. Therefore, by using the sleep apnea treatment products, such as body pillow and vibro-tactile sleep belt, they will help patients maintain an ideal side sleeping position throughout the night and reduce apnea caused by sleeping on their backs.
(D) Surgical Treatments

In some patients, sleep apnea is caused by structural abnormalities in the nose or throat. In this case, you can choose to receive related sleep apnea surgery as one of your treatment methods. Sleep apnea surgery will mainly remove or correct the tissues or facial bones that obstructed the airway, so that the airway can be restored to unblock, so as to improve the symptoms of sleep apnea. However, the removed tissue may be at risk of regeneration in the future, and sleep apnea will return again.

Lifestyle Changes
To Improve Sleep Apnea

(A) Lose Excess Weight
The fat accumulated around the neck of obese people narrows the airway. Also, when lying down and sleeping, the body muscles will relax, the fat and the relaxed muscles would be affected by the force of gravity, causing the airway to be blocked and increase the risk of sleep apnea. Therefore, weight loss is definitely helpful for improving the symptoms of sleep apnea. A study has pointed out that a 10% weight loss predicted a 26% decrease in AHI. For CPAP users, it means that the air pressure of the CPAP may also be reduced due to successful weight loss, which means CPAP treatment will become relatively comfortable.

(B) Alter Your Sleep Position
When sleeping on the back, the soft tissues of the airway will collapse under the influence of gravity. The more severe the obstruction of the airway, the more severe the symptoms of sleep apnea. Therefore, replacing sleeping on the back with side sleeping will help achieve the goal of improving sleep apnea. However, it is not easy to rely on personal will to maintain side sleeping during sleep, so many people will choose a body pillow as an aid to reduce the chance of sleeping on the back.

(C) Avoid Alcohol & Smoking
Alcohol will relax the throat muscles, and smoking will cause the soft tissues in the airway become swollen due to irritation. Therefore, the habit of drinking and smoking can make the symptoms of sleep apnea worse. For the sake of health, we should quit drinking and smoking as soon as possible. If you really want to have a drink with family and friends, you should also try to avoid drinking within 3 hours before going to bed to reduce the chance of apnea.

(D) Avoid Certain Medications
Many medicines, such as sleeping pills, can relax the muscles. Therefore, after the diagnosis of sleep apnea, patients should communicate with their doctors to find out if any of the medicines taken daily in the past will exacerbate the problem of sleep apnea, and check if you need to stop taking or use other medicines instead.

Learn more about the symptoms, impacts & treatment of sleep apnea
The information above is for reference only, you should consult your doctor if you have any health concern.
References: [1] Sleep Apnea Hurts Hearts Infographic. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. http://www.sleepeducation.org/docs/infographics/sleep-apnea-hurts-hearts.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Published 2017. [2] Tung P, Anter E. Atrial Fibrillation And Sleep Apnea: Considerations For A Dual Epidemic. J Atr Fibrillation. 2016;8(6):1283. Published 2016 Apr 30. [3] Wang X, Ouyang Y, Wang Z, Zhao G, Liu L, Bi Y. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cardiol. 2013;169(3):207-214. [4] Fu Y, Xia Y, Yi H, Xu H, Guan J, Yin S. Meta-analysis of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in obstructive sleep apnea with or without continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(1):181-189. [5] 消費者委員會:〈睡眠窒息症不容忽視 嚴選呼吸機助改善睡眠質素〉,2016年1月14日。取自https://www.consumer.org.hk/ws_chi/news/press/471/sleep-apnea-breathing-machines.html,2021年3月29日擷取。[6] 青山醫院精神健康學院:〈睡眠窒息症〉,2011年4月第3版。取自https://www3.ha.org.hk/cph/imh/doc/information/publications/1_10.pdf。
About Sleep Apnea - FAQs
1)除了睡眠窒息症手術,減肥真的可以根治問題嗎?
減肥可以作為睡眠窒息症改善方法,但未必能夠徹底根治這種疾病。由於睡眠窒息症成因不單單是肥胖,因此當患者在減肥後,即使體重有明顯下降,但基於上呼吸道內已鬆弛的肌肉及軟組織難以因減肥而回復緊致,這表示在躺下睡眠時它們仍然有往下塌並阻塞呼吸道的風險。所以,醫生一般會建議患者在減肥後仍然需要繼續使用睡眠窒息症治療儀器作為輔助。不過有意減肥的患者又不要因此而灰心,始終減肥及體重管理對改善睡眠窒息症病徵有一定的幫助,甚至讓睡眠窒息症治療過程變得舒適,因為在減肥後使用輔助儀器的氣壓度數有機會下調,當氣壓不再長時間維持在高強度的氣壓狀態,令睡眠窒息症治療時自然舒適得多。
如果您正在使用定壓機,在成功減肥後,建議重新做一次睡眠及氣壓滴定評估,以重新評定您睡眠窒息的嚴重程度,並了解減肥後您使用輔助儀器時所需要的氣壓度數,若評測結果顯示您所需的氣壓度數有所下調,您就需要重新設定氣壓度數,這樣使用起來會舒適很多。如果您正在使用自動機,氣壓度數則會根據您的需要自動作出調整,不用手動重設,而氣壓度數有否下調,除了透過使用時感到比較舒適外,亦會反映在報告中,所以定期查閱這類報告可讓您更了解自己的身體健康狀況、睡眠窒息症病徵是否得以改善,同時對提升治療成效都有一定幫助。
相反,如果您體重增加,亦建議同樣做法,以確保您獲得最佳的睡眠窒息症治療,以改善疲倦、日間渴睡和高血壓等睡眠窒息症病徵。當然,成功減肥後體重不再反彈就最好,始終把體重管理好,對健康是百利而無一害的。
2)睡眠窒息症不接受治療可以嗎?
睡眠窒息症是必須接受治療的慢性疾病,如果不接受合適的治療,不但因睡眠不斷被中斷而影響睡眠質素,更會因為睡眠期間反覆窒息,導致沒有足夠的氧氣提供給身體各個器官,在「累積效應」產生的情況下,將會不斷加重各器官的負荷。如果沒有睡眠窒息症 手術或其他方法改善情況,各器官的功能有機會因而衰退減弱,增加患上致命心血管疾病的風險,如:高血壓、中風、糖尿病及心臟病等。如果您本身已經患有心血管疾病,沒有得到合適的睡眠窒息症治療更有機會令原有的健康問題進一步惡化。因此,當您發現自己有睡眠窒息症病徵就應該及早接受治理。如果您對自己的健康存有任何疑問,應盡快向專業醫護查詢及預約進行睡眠窒息症相關的評估,在了解自己患上睡眠窒息症成因後,及早對症下藥,在醫護協助下取得適切的睡眠窒息症解決方案。
3)睡眠窒息症是否一定會附帶有打鼾問題?
大部分睡眠窒息症患者都會有打鼾問題,這是由於呼吸道鬆弛的肌肉或軟組織在躺下睡眠時塌下來,使呼吸道變得狹窄,甚至造成阻塞,形成窒息。同時,當吸入的空氣撞擊到阻擋著呼吸道的肌肉或軟組織,就會出現震動及被我們稱之為「打鼾」的聲音,這就是為何大部分睡眠窒息症患者會有打鼾問題的原因。但當然凡事有例外,我們亦遇過不少沒有打鼾這個睡眠窒息症病徵的患者,他們的睡眠窒息症成因可能是因為天生呼吸道比較狹窄,或面部骨骼的結構性問題,如:下巴天生比較短小、鼻骨彎曲⋯⋯ 均可造成呼吸障礙。但由於這些情況不涉及鬆弛的肌肉或軟組織,當沒有產生震動,亦自然沒有打鼾聲的問題了。
4)睡眠窒息症患者在睡眠期間會猝死嗎?
睡眠窒息症患者出現猝死的情況極為罕見,由於這種疾病的患者並非整晚完全無法呼吸,加上人體是設有防護機制的,當缺氧時系統會喚醒大腦,讓我們意識恢復並吸入空氣以確保身體能夠運作。不過,當患者沒有接受睡眠窒息症手術或者任何治療,每晚持續不斷的窒息,身體經常出現缺氧問題,血壓就會因而上升,大大加重了心臟的負荷,增加因心臟病或中風而猝死的風險。因此,當發現有任何睡眠窒息症病徵就應該及早求醫,在找出睡眠窒息症成因後,盡快採取妥善的解決方法。
5)只有年紀大或肥胖的人才會患上睡眠窒息症?
睡眠窒息症成因不限於年長或肥胖人士,縱使一般來說,50歲以上的肥胖男士患上的風險較高,但並不表示年輕人、女士、或纖瘦人士就沒有機會患上睡眠窒息症。首先,睡眠窒息症原因並非單單基於性別、年齡及體重,亦可以涉及鼻腔、咽喉和面部骨骼結構問題。因此,如果您有鼻骨彎曲、扁桃腺肥大、舌頭肥大、或天生下巴短小等問題,即使您年紀輕輕或身材纖瘦都會有患上窒息問題的風險。如果您的睡眠窒息症源於身體結構性問題,就有可能需要向合資格的專科醫生查詢,以評估您的情況是否需要接受睡眠窒息症手術。
6)睡眠窒息症成因是否涉及遺傳因素?
如果您的睡眠窒息症原因是由於天生下巴短小、舌頭肥大或扁桃腺肥大等結構性問題所致,而家族中其他成員亦有同類的先天性問題,這就可能涉及到遺傳因素。輕度睡眠窒息症患者除了可以通過儀器輔助解決窒息問題,如果是天生下巴短小亦可以嘗試選用睡眠窒息症改善牙膠作為解決方法,把下顎拉前以打開狹窄的呼吸道,減輕睡眠窒息症病徵;而如果是舌頭肥大或扁桃腺肥大則可以向醫生查詢,以評估是否適合接受睡眠窒息症手術來改善情況。
7)在哪個年齡才會有睡眠窒息症?
任何年齡人士都可以患上這種疾病,但一般在成年人身上比較常見,尤其是男士,因為我們身體的肌肉會隨著年紀增長而變得鬆弛,年紀漸長時新陳代謝亦會漸漸減慢,身體脂肪含量亦有可能因而增多,加上男士的喉嚨結構等因素,導致成年人較容易出現睡眠窒息症病徵。
不過,睡眠窒息症亦可以出現在青少年,甚至兒童身上,這些一般都是因為先天性的結構問題,例如天生舌頭肥大或扁桃腺過大等;而現時生活在很多大城市的兒童及青少年亦因為經常進食高脂高糖食物,如:漢堡包及汽水等,再加上欠缺運動,導致他們很多都存有超重及肥胖的健康問題,這亦增加了兒童及青少年患上睡眠窒息症的風險。
所以,睡眠窒息症在每一個年齡階段皆有可能發生,並非只是成年人或男士的專利,而隨著都市人的生活習慣影響下,這種疾病更是越趨年輕化。如果您發現自己或身邊人有任何睡眠窒息症病徵,請不要猶豫,應及早向專業醫護提供者尋求協助,接受評估及診斷,然後盡快接受適切的睡眠窒息症治療,以減低患上其他致命心血管疾病及慢性疾病的風險。
8)睡眠窒息症會否影響患者情緒?
睡眠窒息症是可以對患者情緒產生一定程度影響的,其實這個答案是不難想像得到的,就如我們日常睡眠不足,心情也會比較低落或情緒較容易暴躁。睡眠窒息症患者的大腦每晚皆會因氧氣不足而不斷把患者從睡夢中喚醒,每晚都無法到達深層睡眠讓身體得到充足的休息,當長期睡眠質量欠佳,患者會常常感到疲倦、精神不振、專注力不足、記憶力下降、日間嗜睡及頭痛等,這些身體問題會波及我們的情緒,讓我們的情緒變得不穩定,出現易怒、焦慮及抑鬱等問題。而這些身體及情緒問題亦會影響到我們的生活,例如影響學習 及工作表現、影響日常社交活動的動力,甚至影響夫妻關係及性生活等,導致患者的情緒問題有可能進一步惡化。如果您或您認識的人存有任何睡眠窒息症病徵或相關的情緒問題,應該盡快諮詢醫生或專業醫護提供者的意見。當睡眠窒息症改善了,將有助提升睡眠質量,以及穩定情緒健康。
9)舌頭運動可否改善睡眠窒息症?
舌頭運動可以加強舌頭肌肉的力量和控制,長時間持續訓練對於維持呼吸道暢通也許是有一定幫助的,但必須是長時間及持續的訓練。而且,從年輕開始訓練會比較有效,因為始終已經鬆弛了的肌肉要回復緊致是非常困難的。至於舌頭運動對於解決睡眠窒息症有幫助嗎?舌頭運動對於睡眠窒息症改善或者有少許作用,但效果因人而異,尤其是對於中度至嚴重的患者更可以說是作用不大。不過,舌頭運動始終不是專業認可的睡眠窒息症治療方法,所以無論您是任何程度的患者,經診斷後亦應該按照醫生指示。除接受睡眠窒息症手術之外,使用專用治療牙膠,或使用輔助儀器以維持每日睡眠時的氣道暢通,改善睡眠窒息症病徵,重拾健康睡眠,讓自己每天都可以精力充沛享受日常生活中的每個精彩時刻。
10)治療睡眠窒息症可以改善高血壓嗎?
由於睡眠窒息症與高血壓之間存有非常密切的關係, 所以特別是使用輔助儀器後,很多高血壓患者,甚至頑固性 / 抗壓性高血壓患者,他們的血壓都會有所下降。這是因為睡眠窒息症患者在睡眠時會反復暫停呼吸或呼吸不足,導致身體氧氣量不足。當身體氧氣不足,就會觸發身體一系列生理反應,包括血管收縮、心跳加速,進而導致血壓上升,這就是為何很多睡眠窒息症患者同時患有高血壓的原因之一。透過使用睡眠窒息症治療儀器,讓呼吸道在睡眠時保持暢通,氧氣能夠充足供應給身體,心血管突然急劇收縮及心跳突然急速加快的情況就會大大減少,心臟不再超出負荷時,血壓自然會回復正常,患上其他致命心血管疾病的風險亦會隨之降低。所以,清楚認知睡眠窒息症成因及不同的症狀,對於解決睡眠窒息症也是非常重要的一部分。當知道睡眠窒息症改善方法後,原來對整體身體健康、睡眠質量,以及心血管健康都有莫大益處,就能提升患者對睡眠窒息症的重視,早日取得合適的治理。
11)孕婦如果患有睡眠窒息症,但不接受治療對胎兒有沒有影響?
如果孕婦患有睡眠窒息症但不接受合適的治療對胎兒一定會有一些潛在影響。首先,當孕婦患有睡眠窒息症,她的睡眠質量長期欠佳,不但影響她的日常生活,情緒亦會因而變得暴躁,甚至會因為嗜睡導致運動量大減,進而影響孕婦的新陳代謝,這可能會增加患上妊娠糖尿病的風險。此外,由於睡眠窒息症孕婦在睡眠期間會不斷呼吸暫停或呼吸不足,這樣會令孕婦體內的血液含氧量下降,胎兒的氧氣供應亦會受到影響。當孕婦及胎兒長期缺氧,不難想像對胎兒的發育及成長將可產生不良的影響。最後,睡眠窒息症成因與高血壓息息相關,當睡眠時身體不斷因窒息而缺氧,血管會而收縮,升液含氧量會下降,這時大腦就會發出訊號把患者喚醒,而心臟就會因而加速以補充血氧到各個器官,讓身體能夠重新回復正常運作。當每晚不斷循環上述過程,將會加劇心臟等負荷,增加患者患上高血壓的風險。而當孕婦因為沒有治理睡眠窒息症而同時患上高血壓,這將有可能導致出現早產、胎兒出生時體重偏低,或胎兒發育不良等負面影響。所以,如果孕婦發現自己有任何睡眠窒息症病徵,應盡早向自己的婦科醫生查詢,讓醫生給您安排有關評估,在診斷後只要得到妥善的睡眠窒息症治療,對孕婦及胎兒的健康都會有很大的保障。
12)睡眠窒息症會影響性生活嗎?
睡眠窒息症對患者的性生活可能有一些影響,這取決於患者的嚴重程度,以及有否接受睡眠窒息症治療。如果沒有接受合適的睡眠窒息症解決方案,如響亮的鼾聲及睡眠期間呼吸暫停等,均會干擾及嚇怕伴侶,長期可能會令伴侶的性趣下降。另外,睡眠窒息症病徵亦包括疲倦及嗜睡,當患者沒有使用妥善的治理,會經常沒有精神,甚至影響到情緒低落或焦躁,令性慾大減,從而使性生活變得困難和不如意。最後,睡眠窒息症亦有可能造成男性勃起功能障礙,這是因為睡眠期間呼吸暫停或呼吸不足時,身體血液含氧量亦會隨 之下降。當血液含氧量長期不足,將會影響各器官的功能,包括男性的性器官,從而影響性能力。所以,當懷疑自己或伴侶有睡眠窒息症,切勿諱疾忌醫。其實睡眠窒息症改善好,不但有助提升睡眠健康,更可以令您日常生活每個部分帶來好處,精神飽滿才能好好享受精彩的人生。
13)睡眠窒息症與鼻敏感有關嗎?
睡眠窒息症與鼻敏感沒有直接關係,但鼻敏感對睡眠窒息症還是有些影響的,當中亦視乎鼻敏感的程度。對於長期鼻塞的鼻敏感患者,如果同時患有睡眠窒息症,令鼻道與氣道同時受阻,可加劇睡眠窒息症病徵。因為 當患者氣道受阻時,將需用鼻道呼吸來補充身體的氧分,所以當鼻道和氣道同時呼吸暫停或呼吸不足時,將令身體的血液含氧量進一步下降,使病徵加劇。另外,當鼻敏感人士因為經常鼻塞需要長期用口呼吸的話,亦有機會加快咽喉肌肉變得鬆弛,這正正是睡眠窒息症成因之一。最後,鼻敏感人士如果經常因鼻塞、打噴嚏或流鼻水等病徵而半夜醒來,同時又因睡眠窒息症不斷處於淺睡狀態,兩方面加起來將令睡眠質量進一步受到影響,使其病徵更加明顯。無論您是患有鼻敏感還是睡眠窒息症,或是同時有這兩種問題,您亦應該盡快求醫,讓醫生給您合適的診斷和安排相關解決方案,及早重拾健康睡眠。
14)如果懷疑自己患上睡眠窒息症,應該諮詢哪一科醫生的專業意見?
如果懷疑自己患上睡眠窒息症,您可以先向您自己的家庭醫生或相熟的普通科醫生查詢。他們一般都可以為您提供初步的評估,以問診方式了解您日常的睡眠狀況,完成簡單的 STOP BANG 或/及 ESS 問卷來檢視您的睡眠窒息症風險。他們亦有可能要求您張口以目測您的咽喉結構,從而判斷是否需要轉介您去睡眠專科或其他醫療服務提供機構作進一步有關的HST或 PSG檢查。此外,您亦可以直接向睡眠專科醫生查詢,直接為您安排接受相關評測。這一般需要在醫院或睡眠檢測中心 (Sleep Lab) 進行,即是要入院過一晚夜以收集您的睡眠數據,再由多導睡眠分析師 (RPSGT) 分析及整合出結果,您便可以拿著有關報告及醫生證明信去購買有關的睡眠窒息症治療儀器或產品。最後,如果您覺得自己的睡眠窒息症成因源自身體結構問題,例如:下巴短少、舌頭或扁桃腺肥大等,則可以向耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢,他們可透過內窺鏡檢查您的耳鼻喉結構,如果診斷出您的睡眠窒息症原因是來自結構性問題,就可能需要進一步安排接受相關的睡眠窒息症手術,例如:矯正下顎、切除阻塞氣道的組織或切除阻塞鼻道的瘜肉等。所以,無論您是直接找醫生或向醫療服務提供機構尋求協助,最重要是耐心地與對方進行詳細討論,講解清楚您自己的睡眠情況、有關的病徵,以及內心的疑慮,以便專業人士能夠為您提供最適合您的評估及睡眠窒息症改善方案。
15)睡眠窒息症治療是需要終身進行的嗎?
睡眠窒息症治療就如您有近視、散光、遠視的情況一樣,即是您在佩戴眼鏡時,您的視力是清晰的,但當您把眼鏡除下來,視力又重新變得模糊;而睡眠窒息症亦一樣,當您睡眠時使用 輔助儀器或牙膠,您睡眠時呼吸暫停或呼吸不足等問題將得以改善。但當您睡眠時如果不使用相關儀器及產品,您的睡眠窒息症病徵就會重新浮現出來,例如響亮的鼾聲及血氧下降等,所以管理這種疾病是需要終身進行的。即使您是輕微睡眠窒息症患者,您打算透過從日常入手自行改善自己的情況,例如:減肥 及戒煙酒等,這些改變也需要終身進行。因為當您體重再次增加,或者在睡前飲酒,甚至再次養成了吸煙的不良習慣,睡眠窒息問題將會再次出現,甚至有可能比之前更嚴重。因此,睡眠窒息症暫時可以說是沒有任何一個解決方法能夠讓其斷尾的,所有睡眠窒息症治療均需持之以恆,才能達到改善及控制的效果。